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To understand 95% of a language and become conversational fluent may require 3 months of applied learning to reach the 98% threshold could require 10 years. We can adapt this principle and prioritize material based on its recorded likelihood and frequency of usage. Pareto’s Principle of 80/20 dictates that 80% of the results in any endeavor come from 20% of the input, material, or effort. An Example of Effectiveness (80/20) in Practice Ask yourself: Will this method allow me to reach accurate recognition and recall with the fewest number of exposures, within the shortest period of time? If the answer is no, your method must be refined or replaced. Use the target language as a vehicle for learning more about a subject, skill, or cultural area of interest.ĭo not use material incongruent with your interests as a vehicle for learning a language – it will not work.Įfficiency: It matters little if you have the best material and adherence if time-to-fluency is 20 years. don’t read Asahi Shimbun if you don’t read newspapers in English). Do not read about something that you would not read about in English, if English is your native language (e.g. Oftentimes, it is best to select content that matches your interests in your native language. If you have no interest in politics, will you adhere to a language course that focuses on this material? Ask yourself: Can I study this material every day and adhere until I reach my fluency goals? If you have any doubt, change your selection. The best approach means nothing if you don’t use it.īy analogy, if sprinting uphill with bowling balls in each hand were the most effective way to lose body fat, how long would the average person adhere to such a program?
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In other words: can you persist with the material and method you’ve chosen? If not, less effective materials or methods will still be better. Even if you select the most effective material and efficient method, if you don’t adhere with repeated study, effectiveness and efficiency mean nothing. Teachers are subordinate to materials, just as cooks are subordinate to recipes.Īdherence: Review, and multiple exposures to the same material, will always present an element of monotony, which must be countered by an interest in the material. For “reactivating” forgotten languages - like high school Spanish - this sequence will do the trick.Įffectiveness: If you select the wrong material, it does not matter how you study or if you study – practical fluency is impossible without the proper tools (material). For learning grammar, I suggest you read this short article. This post will focus on vocabulary and subject matter.
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In simple terms, you first decide what to learn, based on usage frequency (priority) you then filter materials based on your likelihood of continued study and review, or adherence (interest) lastly, you determine how to learn the material most efficiently (process). The ideal system - and progression - is based on three elements in this order…Įffectiveness, adherence, and efficiency refer to the “what”, “why”, and “how” of learning a target language, respectively. Some background on my language obsession, from an earlier post on learning outside of classes:įrom the academic environments of Princeton University (Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Italian) and the Middlebury Language Schools (Japanese), to the disappointing results observed as a curriculum designer at Berlitz International (Japanese, English), I have sought for more than 10 years to answer a simple question: why do most language classes simply not work? Principles of cognitive neuroscience and time management can be applied to attain conversational fluency (here defined as 95%+ comprehension and 100% expressive abilities) in 1-3 months. Language learning need not be complicated. The Okano Isao judo textbook I used to learn Japanese grammar.